Netsurfer Focus
ON ONLINE COMMERCE   Part 1: The Business of the Net

Wednesday, July 12, 1995* - Volume 01, Issue 02a
"God is in the details"

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Electronic Ecosphere - The Big Picture
The Fingerbones are ... Connected to the Backbone - The Physical Network
A Wire is A Wire is A Wire is A Wire - Coming Network Technology
Service with a Smile - The Access Providers
The Gold Rush - The Browsers and Other Tools
Build It and Make Sure They Will Come - Marketing and Advertising
We are Civilized - Legal Issues
E-mail, Third Class - Economics of the Internet
Web of Another Silk - Business Alliances
Thinking about Numbers - Statistics
Electronic Cliffhanger - Preview of Part 2
The Network is a Dog - On the Lighter Side
Information at Your Fingertips - Additional Online Resources
Inky Fingers - Print Resources

Our Sponsor: ClariNet Communications Corp.

Contact Information
Credits

 

THE ELECTRONIC ECOSPHERE

The Big Picture

There is a scene in one of the Star Trek movies where the "Genesis Probe" is launched onto the surface of a barren planet, and an entire planetary ecosystem develops before the eyes of the Enterprise crew. The World Wide Web has sprung to life with similar speed in the last two years. As part of this, online commerce is evolving and diversifying before our very eyes. This issue of Netsurfer Focus takes a took at the emerging ecosystem of online commerce, the business of the net, and the businesses on the net, and where they are in their evolution.

The foundation of the Internet ecosystem is the network itself, the wires and switches that connect the computers across the world. Living on the physical network, one step up the foodchain, are the access providers, the folks that allow networks and end users to connect to and communicate with each other. Then there are the tool providers, the makers of client browsers and servers, whose software influence much of what we do. The user population itself of the Internet is growing and diversifying exponentially. Businesses are now being built on top of the network and tools, and the wheels of commerce greased by evolving electronic payment systems. It is a landscape bustling with activity, as we dip our net to scoop up, for your perusal, representative nuggets of netlife.

 

THE FINGERBONES ARE ... CONNECTED TO THE BACKBONE

Web of Wire: The Data Pipes

What does the physical network look like? Just like the highway system of interstate highways, main thoroughfares, country roads, and dirt footpaths, the Internet is a network of data pipes of various capacities. It usually begins with a high bandwidth backbone cable with capacity sometimes in excess of 100 megabits/sec. This is in turn connected to a series of networks of decreasing capacity until the end user is reached.

In the United States, the backbones are fiber optic cables provided by long distance phone companies such as MCI and Sprint. There are four main Network Access Points (NAPs), in San Francisco, Chicago, New York, and the Washington DC area, maintained by regional or long distance telephone companies. Also connecting at these NAPs are services to Europe (Ebone and EuropaNET), Asia and the rest of the world, the US Government via the Federal Internet Exchange (FIX), and the experimental gigabit per second vBNS (very high speed Backbone Network Service) . The government's NSFNet, once the main road of the Internet, has been shut down since April.

The companies providing the network backbone form the lowest level of a food chain of service providers. As network service providers (NSPs), they provide network capacity to regional network providers (RNPs) who in turn service the many Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or Internet Access Providers (IAPs) who provide connections for end users directly. RNPs may also directly service end users. CIX, the Commercial Internet Exchange, is a consortium of ISPs and private networks whose equipment also taps directly into the network access points.

Although the fiber backbone can service a variety of networks, the Internet is based on the TCP/IP protocols. The Internet Society is the international organization that oversees the cooperation and coordination of Internet activities. It is also responsible for future directions, including development of the next generation IP protocols - before the growth of the Internet uses up all the available addresses under the current scheme.

The foundations for online commerce are being laid down rapidly. As of October 1994, about 3.5 million computers are connected to the Internet. A separate survey of the number of Internet domain names (which approximate the number of organizations on the Internet) found a total of over 4.8 million domains by February 1995. By all counts, the Internet is growing at a sustained rate of at least 100% per year. Although this is expected to slow down eventually (since maintaining it would mean that every person on the planet would be connected to the Internet in 10 years), the boom years are still ahead of us.

Map of the US Network
http://www.cerf.net/cerfnet/interconnects.html
Tables, charts, and metrics on global Internet connectivity
"ftp://ftp.isoc.org/connectivity-table-v13.txt"
Turning off the NSFNet
"http://www.merit.net"
The Internet Society
"http://www.isoc.org"
IPng (Next Generation IP)
"http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/ipng-main.html"
Matrix study on the size and growth of the Internet
"http://www.tic.com/mids/growth.html "
Internet Domain Count
"http://www.nw.com/zone/WWW/top.html "

 

A WIRE IS A WIRE IS A WIRE IS A WIRE

Data plumbers, the next generation

The data pipelines of the Internet are simply telephone lines of various capacity. The backbone providers are long distance phone companies. We access the Internet through telephone lines. So who is better to get into the Internet access business than the local telephone companies themselves? Why go through the middleman of an Internet service provider? Pacific Bell, for instance, has started offering Internet services to consumers, and will provide business service later in the year. More importantly, it also has active programs promoting the use of ISDN - increasing the capacity of our phone wires from 14.4k bits/second to 56k and better. For those of us who turn off graphics in our browsers or go for a cup of coffee when downloading a 40 kbyte gif, the bigger data pipes will come none too soon for the increasing multimedia network traffic.

But wait. There are often not one but two wires that enter into a North American home: the telephone, and cable television. What about using the coaxial television cable to get onto the Internet? It happens to have quite a bit more capacity than twisted pair copper phone wires - all you need is a cable-based modem. A new entrant into the network provider business is the @home network, a joint venture between cable leader TCI and the Silicon Valley venture firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers. It plans to offer cable-based high speed backbone services starting in early 1996. KPCB is probably better known to Internet users for its investment in Netscape Communications while TCI has a 20% stake in the Microsoft Network.

Other cable companies have also started trials of Internet services on cable. Slightly further afield, a number of telephone companies are now offering telephone service across cable lines. We have also seen the VocalTec technology to route telephone calls across the Internet. It all gets rather mixed up. But think about it, after all, a wire is only a wire, and just another data pipe.

And when is a data pipe not a wire? The answer is when it is wireless. In the equally hot wireless communications industry, there are a number of competing technologies for Internet access, including CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data - stealing some bandwidth from the cellular phone system) and the much sought-after PCS (Personal Communications Services) spectrum. However if you need modem access speeds now, check out Metricom's spread spectrum networks operating on the same frequencies as your garage door opener.

@Home
"http://www.home.net"
Cable modem technology
"http://www.intel.com"
Pacific Bell
"http://www.pacbell.com"
Metricom
"http://www.metricom.com"
VocalTec
"http://www.vocaltec.com"

 

SERVICE WITH A SMILE

How to get on the Internet

Historically, Internet access was for those of us lucky enough to work at a place that had it set up, or those able to set up the system and afford the high price of connection. There was also dialup access to a number of stand-alone information or online services and bulletin board services. With the rising popularity of the World Wide Web and the Internet in the last few years, there has been a proliferation of Internet Service Providers targeting individuals or small organizations. ISPs now offer packages of Internet services (WWW, mail, FTP, gopher, etc.) accessible from home PC's and Macintoshes over regular telephone lines and using friendly graphical user interfaces. They enable individual users to access the full and varied resources of the Internet. Although some are national in scope, many ISPs are small local operations that resell network capacity purchased from the regional network providers.

General purpose online services, on the other hand, started as private dial-up networks with local access in many cities. Their little brothers, bulletin board services, differ only in size and scope. Having no connection to other computers and resources, online services support well developed local content - often through exclusive arrangements with content developers - as well as discussion groups and forums. The "Big Three" services in the US today are America Online, CompuServe, and Prodigy, each claiming several million customers. In the last six months, all three have begun to provide Internet access to its members. Smaller bulletin board operators such as The Well are also seeking to provide Internet access, and so the lines between online service providers, BBS's, and ISP's are blurring fast.

With the sudden popularity of the online service business, everyone, end users and service providers alike, are waiting to see the much-touted Microsoft Network (MSN), scheduled to start at the end of August. The MSN software is packaged as part of Windows 95 and packed with Microsoft's undeniable clout, so most pundits have already renamed the "Big Three" into the "Big Four" to include MSN. Unless, of course, the Department of Justice lands a knockout punch first. MSN competitors are crying unfair competition and urging the unbundling of MSN from Windows 95.

Meanwhile, service providers large and small are also proliferating in Europe. In terms of the majors, the French Minitel system has been active for many years, and Minitel addresses are as prevalent as phone numbers on billboards. CompuServe has always had a European presence, and now AOL has teamed up with German publisher Bertelsmann. This won't be called Europe Online, though. That name belongs to a different consortium of providers.

Major Internet Service Providers

The Internet Society's Global Directory of Service Providers
"http://www.isoc.org/~bgreene/nsp-d.html"
NETCOM On-Line Communications
"http://www.netcom.com"
PSINet
"http://www.psi.net"
More lists of service providers
"http://www.netsurf.com/nsd/v01/02/resource/isp.html"

Major Online Service Providers

America Online
"http://www.aol.com"
CompuServe
"http://www.compuserve.com"
Prodigy
"http://www.astranet.com"
Microsoft Network
"http://www.microsoft.com/pages/services/msnet/msnintro.htm"
Micrososft versus the Department of Justice
"http://www.netsurf.com/nsf/v01/02/local/msft.html"

 

THE GOLD RUSH

Picks, pans, and shovels

Internet access used to be e-mail, telnet, and ftp. Information access got better with archie, and gopher, and wais. The evolution of the World Wide Web changed all that. First came the browser, the ability to navigate the web at the click of a mouse. Brower software, based on the NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) technology, or written from ground up, proliferated. Web fever spread, and home pages - Internet storefronts and billboards - flourished. The ability to access more and different types of digital information and the availability of this information feed upon each other, accelerating the growth and development of the web and its applications. In little more than a year it has gone from an interesting fad to a major - albeit not always profitable - communication and distribution channel.

Every day, new businesses from bakers to bankers and realtors to retailers are setting up shop on the Internet. This activity provides fertile ground for new technology development. On the practical side, the web is a huge place - finding what you need is like the proverbial needle in the haystack, or the few right electrons in all of cyberspace. Directory sites and search engine and search agent technology are part of the next wave. On the playful side, increasing interactivity - browsers that can deliver multimedia contents or navigate 3D space and virtual reality are appearing on the horizon. Products supporting Internet storefronts and information centers - web servers that interface to corporate information-bases such as Oracle, WAIS, or Lotus Notes, or specific applications such as inventory systems - are proliferating. And of course the standards for secure payment systems, another essential component for business on the net, are quickly getting sorted out.

In the accelerated lifecycle of Internet business, the pioneers are already going public and getting bought out even as the second wave of technology and applications develop. The third is still a gleam in some prospector's eye. Sure as there is gold the web, many more will be coming.

Search Technologies

Verity's Topic Agents
"http://www.verity.com"
Architext Content Based Searches
"http://www.architext.com"
3D NAVIGATION AND VIRTUAL REALITY:
SGI's Webspace
"http://www.sgi.com/Products/WebFORCE/WebSpace
VREAM's Web Interactive Reality Layer
"http://www.vream.com"

Server Products

Lotus InterNotes Web Publisher
"http://www.lotus.com/inotes/20fa.htm"
Netscape IStore Online Storefront and other Products
"http://www.netscape.com/comproduct/netscape_products.html"
WAISserver
"http://www.wais.com/newhomepages/products.html"

 

BUILD IT AND MAKE SURE THEY WILL COME

And don't forget to count 'em

You've staked your claim on the Internet frontier with your W3 storefront. So now the question is, how do you get people to come to it? And when what you sell is information and mindshare, how do you keep track of the people who do come? It's not just by word of mouth any more: marketing has come to the net, with its questions of demographics, reach, and frequency.

The popular measure of a web site is the number of "hits" it receives in a day. A hit is basically the retrieval of a file from the server. So first of all, depending on how you structure you web pages, the same information can generate a hit count within a couple of orders of magnitude. Another source of hit inflation is readers retrieving a page multiple times during the course of a visit. Large online services that cache popular W3 pages locally, on the other hand, deflate the hit count (and may violate copyright laws as well).

Another approach, adapted from the pages of the traditional online services, is to register users (for free) and to require them to log in to access the information at the site. In the early days of the web, this was subject to significant criticism. However, resistance is now declining with prevalence, and this will likely become part standard operating procedures.

The need for precise counts of the number of visitors to your site is often critical. Just like circulation audits in the print magazine business or Nielsen ratings for broadcast television, tools and services for auditing access to web sites are now beginning to appear. In fact, even Nielsen is working on an Internet access audit system.

At the same time, a whole infrastructure supporting the Internet marketing professional is starting to take shape. These range from demographic surveys of the Internet to professional organizations and special interest groups. More recently, surveys of businesses and profitability on the net are showing up. Although some reports are free, most carry a price tag in the $500 and up range - hefty by the old net standards of free information And the traditional ad agencies are moving onto the web, either by developing online capabilities in-house, or by partnering with the smaller, entrepreneurial presence providers. The bottom line: the Internet may be a different medium, but the marketing basics remain the same.

Demographics
"http://www.netsurf.com/surveys.html"
"http://www.umich.edu/sgupta/hermes/survey3"
Webstat Site Traffic Auditing Service
"http://www.ipro.com"
"http://www.webtrack.com/webstat/webstat.html"
Listings of Sites Accepting Advertising
"http://www.netcreations.com/ipa/adindex.htm"
"http://www.webtrack.com/sponsor/sponsors.html"
First Survey of Internet Businesses
"http://www.activmedia.com "
Survey of Women Online
"http://www.netcreations.com/ipa/women.htm"
Advertising Agencies
"http://www.netsurf.com/nsf/v01/02/resource/ad.html

 

WE ARE CIVILIZED

...send in the lawyers

Ordinary citizens are settling en masse on the Internet. The frontier customs, so well suited to the pioneers, are steadily giving way to the more complex concerns of civilization. Concerns such as property rights and torts.

The beauty of digital information is that it is easy and inexpensive to duplicate, modify, and transmit. It worked well in the old days of the Internet, when the dominant culture was one of free distribution of information. However, with the increase of commercial interests on the Internet, this is changing fast. The laws governing intellectual property, particularly copyright, are of crucial importance to anyone putting material on the Internet. The basic rule of thumb is don't put any one else's material on your site without appropriate permission, but links are okay. This isn't a professional opinion, though, so please consult your lawyer.

The registration of Internet domain names can also present a challenge. The story of one company which registered its rival's name - and offered to return it in exchange for a case of beer - has become entrenched in Internet legal lore. The simple fact is that domain names are limited, and you may not be able to use the name of your corporation or trademark because it is already in use. There is no legal relationship between trademarks and domain names entitling you to one with possession of the other.

And intellectual property issues are just the tip of the legal iceberg. Other pithy issues include freedom of speech and of the press, pornography, and defamation.

In recent days, the US press and legislature have been abuzz about the availability of pornography and the "safety" of cyberspace. Controversy surrounds the recent Time Magazine cover on Cyberporn. Legislation in progress - based on a poor understanding of the difference between the Internet and broadcast television (it's all telecommunications, right?) would make browsing an x-rated newsgroup a crime punishable by up to two years in jail and a $100,000 fine. Another question: is an Online Service Provider a "common carrier" not responsible for the contents created by its subscribers, or is it a publisher and therefore liable for defamation charges? The Prodigy case - an online flame war escalated into a multi-million dollar libel suit - is on appeal yet again after the court ruled for liability, and is being followed carefully by service providers and the legal profession alike.

A different challenge comes about because while laws are national or local in nature, the Internet has no geographic boundaries. Should the law where the web server is located apply, or where the browser is located? The operators of a BBS in California was convicted of distributing pornographic materials by Tennessee community standards because the BBS was accessible in Tennessee. Toss in the First Amendment rights to free speech, a too literal interpretation to freedom of the press, and the much larger cultural differences across the world to make a tangled web of dilemmas.

In sum, legal issues affecting property and constitutional rights are being extended from Realspace into Cyberspace. Cyberspace law is still in its early days, so be prepared for many more developments and changes over the next few years. No wonder the telecommunications reform bill going through US Congress has been referred to as the "Lawyers' Full Employment Bill".

Legal Resources

Review of Legal Issues on the Internet
"http://www.gcwf.com"
Copyright Clearance Center
"http://www.directory.net/copyright"
Online Patents Database
"http://www.townhall.org/patents/patents.html"
Virtual Law Library
"http://law.indiana.edu/law/lawindex.html"
West's Directory of Lawyers and Law Firms
"http://www.westpub.com/WLDInfo/WLD.htm"

Pornography and Cyberspace

Cyberporn in the News
"http://www.netsurf.com/nsf/v01/02/local/porn.html"
Virtual Community Standards
"http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/Policy/Legal/obscen_virtcom_stds.article"

Points of View

Cato Institute - Unabashedly Libertarian but well written and provides a historic point of view.
"http://www.cais.com/main/home.html"
CyberWire Dispatch - A "no-holds-barred" voice about legal issues on the Internet.
"http://cyberwerks.com/cyberwire"
Electronic Frontier Foundation - The original think tank and voice of reason about cyberspace issues.
"http://www.eff.org"
Having a sense of humour.
"http://gnn.com/gnn/bus/nolo/jokes.html"

 

E-MAIL, THIRD CLASS

and no disintermediation in the truly efficient information market

Have you ever noticed that postage for US domestic mail is priced in one ounce increments while international mail is in half ounce increments? If you believe there is method in the madness, you would say the cost of handling domestic mail is higher than the cost of carrying it physically to its destination; and that the reverse is true for international mail. Most of us are used to paying some kind of flat rate for our Internet access, e.g., a monthly charge or a cost per hour of connect time, independent of the amount of network traffic we create. But should you really have to pay as much for reading USEnet news and sending e-mail messages periodically as someone having a realtime videoconference across the net? When there is relatively unlimited network capacity, you probably don't care. But that will probably change as more and more bandwidth hungry applications come onto the Internet. Should there be different prices for priority classes of transmission services? No one is certain, but Professors Jeff MacKie-Mason and Hal Varian of the Department of Economics at the University of Michigan discuss these issues and suggest some possible pricing systems. Their papers and other useful resources can be found at "http://gopher.econ.lsa.umich.edu/EconInternet/AllSubjects.html"
And see also "http://www.inet.nttam.com/HMP/PAPER/123/html/paper.html"

While lawyers ponder the application of intellectual property laws in cyberspace, Esther Dyson, the PC/digital industry opinion leader, is arguing for radical changes in our outlook. Her thesis is that physical and intellectual products are losing their value in the digital society compared with the "intellectual process". Put another way, the key is not the content, but the relationship to the customer. The cost of physical reproduction and distribution of information is plummeting with the increasing use of the Internet, and she uses the commoditization of software to illustrate that most information is not unique and valuable. She suggests that we "think of content as an advertisement for more personal, higher-value products, processes, and services". Well, we don't think the physical manifestation of information is quite so irrelevant - it's easy to overlook the value of information packaging until you've tried to read War and Peace on Sumerian clay tablets. Nevertheless, the essay presents provocative ideas about the economics of content in the increasingly digital world. See Release 1.0, December 1994 (info@edventure.com)

Okay, so you think disintermediation means losing your connection in the middle of a furious game of Internet Doom, or that it's what happens to the baddies when you aim your gargleblaster at the bloob from YUIOP. But don't think that economist are a dull, lot of highbrow academics. When in doubt, there is always the Economist Joke Page, "http://www.etla.fi/pkm/joke.html"

 

WEB OF ANOTHER SILK

The one with the most links win

During the personal computer revolution of the 80's, most of the existing computer manufacturers did not take the microcomputer very seriously. IBM handed its interest in the problem to Intel and Microsoft, and the rest is history. When the Internet burst into prominence in the "Global Information Infrastructure", however, many organizations didn't make the same mistake twice. Alliances are forming thick and fast; and outright acquisitions as well. Browser companies were the first to fall to online service providers. Search engines were next, as well as a few content producers. Intuit missed the marriage with Microsoft thanks to the Department of Justice, but other consumer applications have changed ownership. And of course, Netscape's strategic partners are legion. Here is our partial tally of the score to date.

Are you tangled up yet? Maybe we should have called THIS section "Shop Until You Drop". For a graphical version of this web of alliances, check out our (large) gifs at "http://www.netsurf.com/nsf/v01/02/local/web.html"

 

NUMBERS TO THINK ABOUT

Don't try this in binary

 

ELECTRONIC CLIFFHANGER

Up against the wall of e-mail limits

In our whirlwind tour of the Internet business world so far, we have trained our sights on the lower levels of the food chain - the infrastructure and the business of the Internet. However, we have now run up against the limits of many e-mail systems and online readability. As a result, the top level of the electronic ecosphere, the businesses that actually operate on the Internet, will have to be explored in a separate, second section. Part 2 will be mailed to readers shortly after Part 1, and will include the following topics.

Of course, if you can't wait, check out our web site where both are posted:
"http://www.netsurf.com/nsf/v01/02/nsf.01.02b.html "

 

THE NETWORK IS A DOG

and other lighter elements

The Network is a Dog
No, this isn't a description about trying to download a 120 kbyte gif file across a 2400 baud line. It's a full page ad campaign in the Wall Street Journal to persuade the business world that the network can bring it more money, and it shows a dog labeled "Network". An (undoubtedly) unintended juxtaposition from the company that gave us the insightful slogan "The Network is the Computer" and some great advances in browser technology. "http://www.sun.com/"

Cherchez La Femme
How many women are there on the Net? That seems to be one of the most popular marketing questions about the Internet. Conventional wisdom (including our own Netsurfer reader surveys) seem to indicate that the Internet population is 90% male and 10% female. Matrix, though, claims this ratio is closer to 2:1, and will sell you a report to prove it. Take a look at the summary at gopher://akasha.tic.com:70/00/survey/ids/demo.412 and see what you think.

Who's Next?
Americans are schizophrenic about success: while rags to riches is every entrepreneur's dream, you become the enemy once you become too rich and too powerful for the next little guy to have a chance. Bill Gates must be getting tired of those Department of Justice trustbusters camped outside his office - and he has quite a bit less than 70% of the total computer operating system market. Netscape claims more than 75% of all web traffic from its Navigator browser, and it's locking up the market fast with its alliances and partnerships. Is it the next up?
Microsoft and Antitrust "http://www.netsurf.com/nsf/v01/02/local/msoft.html
Netscape Navigator Dominates "http://www.netscape.com/newsref/pr/newsrelease27.html

 

INFORMATION AT YOUR FINGERTIPS

The educated person knows where to find the information

There is a multitude of useful information and resources on the Internet. In the interest of brevity, we have only included a selection in this issue. You can find a more comprehensive list of resources at our web site, including

"http://www.netsurf.com/nsf/v01/02/resource/index.html"

If you would like to obtain copies of these (in HTML format only) via e-mail, send mail to info-focus@netsurf.com with "send commerce-index" in the body of the message.

 

INKY FINGERS

Curl up with a good book

While the online world is rich with resources, print is still a wonderful packaging technology, especially for larger documents. For those times when the screen has lost its phosphorescent allure, here is our selection of books and other printed materials for your consideration.

 

General
Book Cover Being Digital
by Nicholas Negroponte
Paperback (January 1996)
Vintage Books
ISBN: 0679762906
Book Cover Megamedia Shakeout: The Inside Story of the Leaders and the Losers in the Exploding Communications Industry
by Kevin Maney
Hardcover (May 1995)
John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471107190
Book Cover NetLaw: Your Rights in the Online World
by Lance Rose
Paperback (February 1995)
Osborne McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 0078820774
Book Cover Telecompetition: The Free Market Road to the Information Highway
by Lawrence D. Gasman
Paperback (March 1994)
Cato Institute
ISBN: 1882577094
Book Cover Telecosm
by George Gilder
In prep.
Simon & Schuster
Online archive available at http://www.forbes.com/asap/gilder
Book Cover Who Owns Information? From Privacy to Public Access
by Anne Wells Branscomb
Paperback (June 1995)
Basic Books
ISBN: 046509144X
Doing Business on the Net
Book Cover Doing More Business on the Internet: How the Electronic Highway is Transforming American Companies
by Mary V. Cronin
Paperback - 2nd edition(April 1995)
John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471287016
Book Cover Marketing on the Internet: Multimedia Strategies for the World Wide Web
by Jill H. Ellsworth, Matthew V. Ellsworth
Paperback - 2nd edition (November 1996)
John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471165042
Book Cover Online Marketing Handbook 1998 Edition : How to Promote, Advertise and Sell Your Products and Services on the Internet
by Daniel S. Janal
Paperback 1998 Edition (March 1998)
John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471293105

 

OUR SPONSOR

This issue of Netsurfer Focus is sponsored by ClariNet Communications Corp.

For more information about ClariNet and our other advertisers, please see the current issue of Netsurfer Focus Marketplace.
"http://www.netsurf.com/nsf/v01/02/nsfm.01.02.html"

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CREDITS

Netsurfer Focus
Publisher: S. M. Lieu
Production Manager: Bill Woodcock
Sales: John Pendleton

Netsurfer Communications, Inc.
President: Arthur Bebak
Vice President: S. M. Lieu

NETSURFER FOCUS (c) S. M. Lieu. All rights reserved.
NETSURFER DIGEST is a trademark of Netsurfer Communications, Inc. Other publication, product, and company names may be trademarks of their companies.

"God is in the Details" is a quote from Mies van der Rohe.

* Updated 18 July, 1995