NETSURFER SCIENCE
More Signal, Less Noise
Volume 04, Issue 09
Tuesday, August 28, 2001

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REVIEWERS' CHOICE
Phunny Physics
EARTH SYSTEMS
Global Change
GeoSciences Online
COMPUTING AND ENGINEERING
Theory of Machines
Surface Transportation Policy Project
useit.com: Usable Information Technology
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Somebody Turn Out the Lights
StarChild: A Learning Center for Young Astronomers
Geospatial Navigation Handbook
Netsurfer Recommendations
MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
Fire Protection Organization: Fire Behavior
Web Photo School
ARCHEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
Understanding's Rocky Road
The Hunley; How It Worked
Nova Online: Secrets of Easter Island
MEDICINE, BIOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
Bilingual Memory
Ecology Communications - Environment, Ecology, Recycling
ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND GEOGRAPHY
Second Industrial Revolution
Toys Were Us - How Our Favorite Playthings Came To Be.
RESIDUE
Sci-Philately
PopSci: 2000 Best of What's New Awards
OTHER LINKS
BOOK REVIEWS
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
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Netsurfer Digest


REVIEWERS' CHOICE
Is there a Mrs. Swamp Thing?

Phunny Physics

The Substandard Model of Particle Physics, by Eric Oehler and Charles Danforth is a place we can really like, unthreatening, modest, witty, riddled with "sexual innuendo, obscure pointless humor, bad puns." At last! The place deals with bosons of all kinds, including the hardon, the moron, the klingon, hiton, bison, lipton and many, many more, not to mention the six flavors of quark, and the four fun-damental forces: gravity, sex, death, and guilt. There's also a clear description of the hindsight uncertainty principle, which has something to do with dead cats - or are they dead? And is the SPCA investigating? As well, the very clever proof that time is money, although it won't be admired for its scientific rigor, is nonetheless deeply satisfying somehow. It's nice to know all that government research funding is being put to excellent use in beating back the forces of darkness, bureaucratic inertia, industrial espionage, and people who just won't laugh. Physics will never be the same again.
http://eta.pha.jhu.edu/~danforth/arc/sci/ssm.html

EARTH SYSTEMS
No matter where you go, there you are

Global Change

One thing we certainly don't need to worry about is coping with global status quo, so a site that focuses on change seems like a natural. Global Change is published by the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security. With a moniker like that, it's got to be a nongovernment organization (NGO) and indeed it is, reputedly a high-powered one. Now NGOs may or may not be your cup of tea - there are certainly those who like 'em and those who don't - but the work reported here does seem to be grounded in the desire for practical action. As well, there's a recognition that competing interests and influences are usually at play in any problem area; compromises and trade-off are almost always necessary to achieve an acceptable balanced solution. A site tour will soon have you navigating like a tyro and we strongly suggest it because the site is huge and its organization and layout aren't always obvious. Be careful not to get the wrong idea, though; some features don't work if you try to activate them from the tour window but operate fine outside it. This is a huge place with lots of voices jostling for attention.
http://www.globalchange.org/default.htm

GeoSciences Online

John Butler, Department of Geosciences, University of Houston is a sifter, collecting, evaluating and classifying Web sites that provide geoscience information, proudly displaying the results here for all to see. And proud he should be because for those who could use such stuff his efforts are priceless, a virtual Good Work that we hope will garner him rewards here or elsewhere. Among the gems is a highly searchable FileMakerPro database containing information from approximately 4300 geoscience course resources. And the fact that only geophysics is specifically mentioned on the home page doesn't mean other geosciences are ignored. The Geophysics section opens up into a whole world of its own, complete with a directory, career information, data sources, and references. The theme song here clearly is to tap the potential of the Internet to enrich learning environments.
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/anon/anonfield.html

COMPUTING AND ENGINEERING
Open the pod bay doors, Hal

Theory of Machines

Most students would agree that hands-on training is the most effective for locking-in learning. At TecQuipment's Theory of Machines page, listing more than 50 gadgets, you can find apparatus that demonstrates almost any of the major factors of mechanical theory. For example, the HFN8 rope-belt friction apparatus is designed for low cost, effective teaching. It is self-contained and wall mounted with a variable angle of lap. It provides four different vee angles, allows you to determine the coefficient of friction, and verify the law of belt tension. Designed for science, physics, and engineering teachers, these contraptions provide high quality methods for teaching mechanical concepts. Now, if you can just assemble it.
http://www.youngiil.co.kr/tq/products/tm.htm

Surface Transportation Policy Project

Emphasizing the needs of people rather than the machines that serve them, the Surface Transportation Policy Project is funded by individual donations and grants. The project aims to ensure that society's investments in getting people around take into account such issues as conservation of energy, environmental concerns, aesthetic quality, and social equity. Equipped with an advocate's toolbox, this site offers news of surface transportation trends and government initiatives. Our reviewer looked in detail at a featured report called "Driven to spend". It discusses the implications of urban sprawl on the cost of transportation for working families. From the irrational cost of vehicle fuel to the cultural consequences of choices we make in regard to designing our society, this site makes interesting reading.
http://www.transact.org/default.htm

useit.com: Usable Information Technology

Jakob Neilsen has no doubt logged on to many a website and found it wanting. You see, Jakob is into the science of information usability. For example, have you logged on to a website only to find a huge, impenetrable wall of text? It's apparent that the author has never heard of a paragraph and has no feel for what it's like to try to read his work. Likewise, there are websites that ignore other usability issues by shouting in all-caps or employing so many fat graphics that it takes the page a year to load. But Jakob goes far beyond the simple critique of websites that has become a common pastime on the Internet. He takes us into the mind of the user as we apprehend, consider, and make choices about the information put before us. This site is a must-see for all who design websites.
http://www.useit.com/

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away

Somebody Turn Out the Lights

Here's something we've been aware of but hadn't really thought about "fixing" before. According to this site, we should be able to see 2600 stars at night, but in light-polluted urban areas fewer than 100 stars are visible. This we can blame on unshielded and/or improperly installed light fixtures. The site outlines the problem and its causes, and also includes suggestions for affecting a change in these conditions. This is not a one website crusade, either. There are links here to like-minded sites such as the International Dark Sky Association. Don't miss the excellent photos of the night sky, as well as a NASA shot of the Earth all lit up at night.
Light Pollution Awareness: http://members.aol.com/ctstarwchr/
Dark Sky Assoc.: http://www.darksky.org

StarChild: A Learning Center for Young Astronomers

From NASA, with the help of two middle school teachers, comes this introduction to the solar system and space exploration for youngsters. The site presents the material on two levels. Level 1, which uses a bigger font and less complex sentences, looks suitable for elementary students or low-level readers, while Level 2 looks appropriate for middle school students. And the site is even available in languages other than English: German, Italian, and Portuguese, with a Spanish version on the way. Teachers should click on the new stuff button on the main page to access a link to a special section just for educators, where they'll find lesson plans and ideas on how to use StarChild in the classroom. There's even a printable version (without the dark background) of every page, and both StarChild and Imagine the Universe! (a companion site for students age 14 and up) are available free to educators on a CD-ROM for use in classrooms without an Internet connection. ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/

Geospatial Navigation Handbook

The Geospatial Information & Services Maritime Navigation Handbook is an ocean of valuable information about the new digital means of navigation intended, as they say, for the "digitally perplexed, cartographically disoriented and geospatially disadvantaged". How did they know? Even if you're not a sailor, never go to sea, aren't the ruler of the Queen's Navy, read the fine print because it's a scream - although sadly we don't see Microsoft or the music industry adopting any of the terms of use here any time soon. The manual itself is about 14000 words of very serious stuff, by Zdenka Willis, James Goodson, and Edwin Danford, vigorous writers who intend the work as a dip into this kind of thing. We can't imagine a better way to ground yourself, um, e-merse, dang, sink into, nope, er, submer.., rats! Anyway, it's a valuable online tome about the transformation of navigation from paper to digits, as revolutionary, they suggest, as the change from sails to steam.
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/gis_hbk.htm


Netsurfer Recommendations

Items our staff likes and you might too. Click on the cover or title to order the item at a hefty discount from Amazon.com and Beyond.com and send a few pennies our way as well.

Why Buildings Stand Up: The Strength of Architecture
Mario Salvadori
W.W. Norton & Company; ISBN: 0393306763

We've always liked those little tidbits of terribly obvious facts that suddenly take on a fascinating significance when someone actually mentions them. The tall building, for instance, even the very modest early ones, could not have been built until someone invented the elevator. Of course! We knew that all along; we just didn't know we knew it until someone told us that we did. So, along comes Columbia University's Mario Salvadori, who, much as James Burke does, lays one brick of knowledge on another to build a body. He introduces us to the earliest architects for whom, as he puts it, "a permanent hearth became the center of the home". He notes that the dome of the Hagia Sophia, Constantinople's glorious church, fell twice before its builders found the formula that has held it in place for 15 centuries. The soaring cathedral vaults raised nearly a thousand years later were also built on trial and error. Intriguingly, errors still happen, revealing all too clearly the physics that we trust every day in our towns and cities, from lowly frame home to the low-rise that houses our doctor's office, from Kuala Lumpur's Petronas towers to the ice hockey rink in rural Minnesota or the sectional roof of Toronto's Skydome. Every shelter depends on our recognition of physical principles and their predictability. This classic text reminds us of all the things we take for granted and all the wonders hidden in them.



MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
42

Fire Protection Organization: Fire Behavior

Get ready for a tour through the physics of fire. This site offers an earnest effort at online learning technology suitable for a student of the nature of fire, such as a volunteer firefighters, a scout studying for that elusive fire badge, or a high school physics student looking for extra credit. Not that this site is confined to the elementary; it's just easy to understand. Apparently still under development (not all seemingly necessary links are hot), there are some 86 slides already. Even a cursory click through the site implants such arcane knowledge as the "triangle of fire" and the "tetrahedron of fire" that explain the elements of combustion. If you typically rely on the Netscape browser, you will want to switch to Internet Explorer for this site.
http://www2.santa-fe.cc.nm.us/fire111/Fire%20Behavior_files/frame.htm

Web Photo School

Virtually everybody takes photographs. Be honest, though; most of us stink at it. When we're not cutting off heads, taking flash shots in cavernous buildings, giving everybody red eye, or snapping faces against bright backgrounds, we're committing other sins of the untrained and inexperienced. Yet with a little training and practice, photography can be an immensely creative way of satisfying our innate thirst to freeze forever the wonder of a moment, the transitory beauty of a place or person. Here to help us acquire the necessary skill is a truly inexpensive but impressive Web photo school staffed by people who know their subject and know how to write about it. There are many sample lessons available so you can judge the contents and quality of the instructions before you hand over your $45 annually or $5 for a one-month trial. Right now there are about a hundred lessons in the site covering a wide range of types of photography, and new ones are being added at the rate of at least four a month. The lessons we sampled were well written and nicely illustrated.
http://www.webphotoschool.com/

ARCHEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
What is past is prologue

Understanding's Rocky Road

One of the wonders about which we wonder is why more folk don't, well, wonder. Curiosity is one of life's most precious gifts, a sure-fire boredom killer and driving force for discovery and invention. At Strange Science, the rocky road to modern paleontology and biology, the topic is the understanding we've reached about fossils and the notions we've developed about how things used to be back in the Cretaceous and incredulous. Just how did we figure out there were such things as dinosaurs, and when they lived, and how they behaved and what happened to them? Was it a smooth and seamless piling on of understanding or a messy business with lots of arguments and nutty notions? Two things among many we particularly like about this site are its modesty, presenting itself as a simple collection of illustrations and information collected from the Internet, and its acceptance of evolution as a scientific fact - acknowledging that, by definition, it can forever remain only a theory. The place is attractively designed, a pleasure to frequent, and refreshing in how it illuminates the untidy, noisy way in which we stumble painfully towards the light of truth and understanding.
http://turnpike.net/~mscott/

The Hunley; How It Worked

It was February 17, 1864. Just outside the harbor at Charleston, South Carolina, a Union lookout stood on the bridge of the USS Housatonic, peering intently into the cold night. The dark waters lapped gently against the Union Navy's largest warship as a light wind bit through the lookout's heavy coat. Beneath the waves, a monstrous contraption approached with eight men straining over hand cranks in its belly. They were scared, but not as frightened as the lookout when he spied the horrible shape approaching the ship. He had time to shout an alarm before the long metal spar of the Confederate submarine pierced the stern of the Housatonic and a 135-pound torpedo detonated, sending the mighty warship to the bottom. The H.L. Hunley had struck. But, it more than 130 years before she or her crew would see the light of day again. Raised from the deep in a massive recovery effort, the Hunley is beginning to give up her secrets. This site features a set of Shockwave diagrams that explain what we know about how the Hunley worked. Early industrial age technology is revealed in contrast to modern technology and found to be ingenious.
How it worked: http://www.sun-sentinel.com/graphics/news/hunleyexp.htm
Its history: http://www.hunley.org/html/frame.htm

Nova Online: Secrets of Easter Island

Take a chess piece, turn it to stone, grow it to 20 feet tall, place it on the shore of an island, and you have a 10-ton Moai. Easter Island has been famous for these megaliths since 1722 when Dutch Captain Jacob Roggeveen landed there and brought back stories of gargantuan stone statues poised near the shore. Nova takes us there to explore the island, learn about its history, and join the legions of others who puzzle over the origin and meaning of the huge stone figures. If you took a large crane to the island and a crew of millwrights, you could lift one of these statues and move it to another spot. With today's technology, we move massive weights and large shapes all the time. But, what if you took a 75-person crew to the island and told them to use only the tools and technologies available to the ancient Easter Islanders? Nova does just that; read Move a Megalith.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/easter/

MEDICINE, BIOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
It's alive! It's alive!

Bilingual Memory

Just how does the brain deal with more than one language? In Bilingual Memory: A Re-Revised Version of the Hierarchical Model of Bilingual Memory, Roberto Heredia of the Center for Research in Language, La Jolla, California speculates about just how the brain stores language information. The original hierarchical model envisioned a primary language, learned first, and a secondary language, acquired later, with strong links from the primary language to a single context area in the brain and from the secondary to the primary language. Trouble is, that model doesn't fit some bilingual folk who seem equally adept at either language. Heredia's revision is to retain the elements of the original model but re-label the boxes as more dominant and less dominant language. Clever that: re-jig the labels on the boxes and call it a revision of the original theory.
http://crl.ucsd.edu/newsletter/10-3/

Ecology Communications - Environment, Ecology, Recycling

The fate of the black rhino is featured at this pleasingly formatted site. It's amazing how easily human beings unconscionably drive animal species to extinction for no better reason than that to serve some superstition or ritual - or perfume or sport. Well-written articles explore issues of ecology, including gardening tips, bird watching, and an ecology club. This site is suitable for sharing with your youngsters as an introduction to ecology issues. It's also a good way to keep in touch with emerging news relating to conservation. Our reviewer's favorite section of the site is the bookshelf. Dozens of titles are arrayed with short descriptions and you can order the books online.
http://www.ecology.com/

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND GEOGRAPHY
All that we see or seem

Second Industrial Revolution

Authored by the Internet History Sourcebook project, this is the Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Formatted as an outline, it presents headline topics supported by a bibliography of sources from which to obtain information. Under The Second Industrial Revolution and Advanced Capitalism, one finds a headline marker for "Growth: Free Markets and Government Support". Under that marker, find several authors listed. Clicking on National System of Political Economy by George Friedrich List whisks you away to excerpts of the treatise and information about where to find more. This site is a gold mine for researchers and for students writing papers. When you're finished with modern history, you can work on medieval history or ancient history. Each is treated with the same academic rigor and provides the same rich complement of resources. Bookmark this site for when you get in a dispute with someone about an arcane fact related to history. Our money's on you.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook35.html#The%20Second%20Industrial%20Revolution#The%20Second%20Industrial%20Revolution

Toys Were Us - How Our Favorite Playthings Came To Be.

Frisbee, Barbie, Slinky, skateboard, and Pong. These playthings resonate significance and recollection and are the stars of the show at Toys Were Us, which takes a nostalgic look at the history of these all-time favorite toys. Rotary fingernail clipper doesn't have a marketable ring to it but anyone who has spent significant time with them understands why what we now know as the Frisbee was first commercialized with that name. When Yale men started flinging around pie plates from the Frisbie Baking Company, little did they know what they were starting, although we should mention there are rival claimants to first discovery. For the geek fraternity, the most exciting game here, of course, is that classic of simplicity Pong, which launched Atari on its - remember Atari? - brief flirtation with riches. Then there's Barbie, surely the most sociologically and culturally significant toy here, a girl's entrance to an enticing world. All in all, this is a fascinating, though modest in size, approach to toys that for all their nostalgia are still very much with us today.
http://www.discovery.com/stories/history/toys/toys.html

RESIDUE
We can't be sure what else is out there

Sci-Philately

Stamp collecting meets the history of science at this online exhibition from the Science and Engineering Library at the University of Buffalo. Whether you agree with the site's creator that "postage stamps can serve as starting points for engaging student interest in science, or initiating classroom discussion and projects" depends on how the subject is to be taught, naturally, but the online effect is engaging. The pages are texts on various disciplines in science history, concentrating, but not exclusively, on the great scientific figures of the past, and are illustrated, of course, with the stamps of many nations. Sections cover astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, physics, and geology, and there is also a page on Nobel Prize stamps. Each page has a link to a stamp index page, providing the stamp's numbers from the Scott 1997 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue. To go from one page to the next, you'll have to go back to the home page, and it certainly wouldn't have harmed the site's appeal to have made available enlargable images of the stamps, but, overall, this is a pleasurable browse; science history with a difference.
http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/sel/exhibits/stamps/

PopSci: 2000 Best of What's New Awards

As a young boy, our reviewer remembers reading Popular Science from cover to cover after waiting at the mailbox for hours, hoping for it to arrive. PopSci today offers the same vigorous reporting of leading edge technologies as it did back then. Here, we see the year 2000 Best of What's New top picks. One hundred of them. Aficionados of Popular Science, the magazine, will recognize the department immediately. Those who don't read the magazine will see what they're missing. So, for those of you as thirsty as our reviewer for news of inventions, technologies, and discoveries, you can find it here by clicking on the gadgets.
http://www.popsci.com/features/bown/bown00/

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Publisher: Arthur Bebak
Editor: Judith David
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